What is a muscle strain?
A muscle strain is an injury to a muscle or a tendon. Sometimes referred to as a pulled muscle, muscle strains frequently occur in the lower back and hamstrings (back of the thigh).
A muscle strain involves an injury to the tissue that attaches to a muscle or bone or to a muscle. A sprain, on the other hand, injures the bands of tissue attaching two bones together.
Causes of a muscle strain
Muscle strains can be the result of a specific event, such as lifting, pushing or moving a heavy object. Muscle strains can also be caused by a repetitive motion, including adding a new activity or exercise to your normal routine.
In the spring, muscle strains to the back increase with activities like gardening, when you bend over, again and again, to pull weeds or rake, for example.
Risk factors for a muscle strain
Because muscle strains are commonly caused by overuse – using a muscle the wrong way or overusing a muscle or by an event such as lifting or pushing a heavy object, there are few things you can do to avoid injury:
- Warm up and stretch before activities, whether it’s playing sports with your kids or tackling a garden project.
- Exercise regularly to maintain muscle strength and condition.
- Avoid situation where overuse is likely. Consider breaking up a yard project into a few days, for example, instead of tackling your outdoor makeover in a single day.
- Use proper lifting techniques or use appropriate equipment to help move heavy objects.
Symptoms of a muscle strain
While signs and symptoms vary, you may experience:
- Muscle spasms
- Reduced or limited motion
- Redness or bruising
- Swelling
- Tenderness or pain
Diagnosis of a muscle strain
During an exam, your medical provider will check your injury for swelling and tenderness. The intensity of your pain and its location will help determine the severity of your injury.
If a more severe injury or rupture is suspected, imaging tests such as an ultrasound, MRI or CT may be required.
Treatment for a muscle strain
Mild muscle strains can be treated at home with RICE: rest, ice, compression and elevation. Some medical providers may also recommend an anti-inflammatory medicine such as ibuprofen, naproxen or acetaminophen (Tylenol).
If your pain worsens, you struggle to tolerate the pain or muscle spasms, or if you experience numbness or tingling, visit an urgent care or your primary care provider. A severe muscle strain may require more advanced treatments, including surgery.