What is lead extraction?
Lead extraction is a procedure used to remove one or more leads (thin wires) from a cardiac device such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Leads may need to be removed due to infection, malfunction, or damage. Specialized tools are used to gently separate the lead from surrounding heart or vein tissue and extract it safely.Who might be a candidate for lead extraction?
• Patients with device-related infections involving the leads or device pocket.• Individuals with fractured, malfunctioning, or recalled leads.
• Patients with venous obstruction or thrombosis caused by existing leads.
• Those who no longer require their device or are upgrading to a new system.
What to expect during lead extraction
• The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia.• Specialized sheaths and tools are used to free the lead from tissue and extract it through the original vein.
• The procedure may be done through the chest or, rarely, through a surgical approach if complications arise.
• It is typically performed in a cardiac electrophysiology lab or hybrid operating room.
What are the risks of lead extraction?
• Bleeding, especially from large blood vessels or the heart itself.• Tearing of the vein or heart tissue during removal.
• Risk of infection, stroke, or anesthesia-related complications.
• In rare cases, emergency open-heart surgery may be required.
Recovery from lead extraction
• Patients are monitored closely in the hospital after the procedure.• Most patients stay at least one night, though longer stays may be needed for infection management.
• Soreness at the site and mild fatigue are common for a few days.
• Activity restrictions may be advised for a short period post-procedure.
• Ongoing follow-up is important, especially if a new device is implanted afterward.